Every printed color comes from one of two systems: process color, which builds the image from overlapping dots of cyan, magenta, yellow and black, or spot color, which uses a single premixed ink applied straight from the ink fountain. The two behave differently on press, and picking the right one decides color accuracy, consistency and cost.
How process color works
Process printing reproduces photographs and gradients by screening each of the four inks into tiny dots. Seen from reading distance the dots blend into continuous tones. Because every color in the job is assembled from the same four inks, a full-color photo and a soft gradient can be printed in one pass. The limit is accuracy: some colors, such as bright orange, vivid green and deep purple, sit outside what four inks can mix, and the result is an approximation that can drift between runs.






